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The Sumerian king list

(in the following translation, mss. are referred to by the sigla used by Vincente 1995; from those listed there, mss. Fi, Go, P6, and WB 62 were not used; if not specified by a note, numerical data come from ms. WB)

1-39. After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years. Alalĝar ruled for 36000 years. 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years. Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira. In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43200 years. En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years. Dumuzid, the shepherd, ruled for 36000 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years. Then Bad-tibira fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Larag. In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years. 1 king; he ruled for 28800 years. Then Larag fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Zimbir. In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000 years. 1 king; he ruled for 21000 years. Then Zimbir fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Šuruppag. In Šuruppag, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600 years. 1 king; he ruled for 18600 years. In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200 years. Then the flood swept over.

40-94. After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kiš. In Kiš, Ĝušur became king; he ruled for 1200 years. Kullassina-bēl ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 900 years. Nanĝišlišma ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 670 (?) years. En-taraḫ-ana ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 420 years ……, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Babum …… ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 300 years. Puannum ruled for 840 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 240 years. Kalibum ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 900 years. Kalūmum ruled for 840 (mss. P3+BT14, Su1 have instead:) 900 years. Zuqāqīp ruled for 900 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 600 years. (in mss. P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5, the 10th and 11th rulers of the dynasty precede the 8th and 9th) Atab (mss. P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5 have instead:) A-ba ruled for 600 years. Mašda, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 720 years. Arwium, the son of Mašda, ruled for 720 years. Etana, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries, became king; he ruled for 1500 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 635 years. Baliḫ, the son of Etana, ruled for 400 (mss. P2+L2, Su1 have instead:) 410 years. En-me-nuna ruled for 660 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 621 years. Melem-Kiš, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna. Barsal-nuna, the son of En-me-nuna, (mss. P5, P3+BT14 have instead:) Barsal-nuna ruled for 1200 years. Zamug, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years. Tizqār, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1620 + X ……. Ilku ruled for 900 years. Iltasadum ruled for 1200 years. En-me-barage-si, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years. Aga, the son of En-me-barage-si, ruled for 625 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1525 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-barage-si. 23 kings; they ruled for 24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Then Kiš was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana.

95-133. In E-ana, Meš-ki-aĝ-gašer, the son of Utu, became lord and king; he ruled for 324 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 325 years. Meš-ki-aĝ-gašer entered the sea and disappeared. Enmerkar, the son of Meš-ki-aĝ-gašer, the king of Unug, who built Unug (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have instead:) under whom Unug was built , became king; he ruled for 420 (ms. TL has instead:) 900 + X years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 745 are the years of the dynasty of Meš-ki-aĝ-gašer. (ms TL adds instead:) ……; he ruled for 5 + X years. Lugalbanda, the shepherd, ruled for 1200 years. Dumuzid, the fisherman whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 (ms. TL has instead:) 110 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) He captured En-me-barage-si single-handed. Gilgameš, whose father was a phantom (?), the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years. Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgameš, ruled for 30 years. Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal (ms. Su1 has instead:) Ur-lugal , ruled for 15 years. Lā-ba’šum ruled for 9 years. En-nun-taraḫ-ana ruled for 8 years. Meš-ḫe, the smith, ruled for 36 years. Melem-ana (ms. Su2 has instead:) Til-kug (?) …… ruled for 6 (ms. Su2 has instead:) 900 years. Lugal-kitun (?) ruled for 36 (ms. Su2 has instead:) 420 years. 12 kings; they ruled for 2310 (ms. Su2 has instead:) 3588 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

134-147. In Urim, Meš-Ane-pada became king; he ruled for 80 years. Meš-ki-aĝ-Nanna (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) Meš-ki-aĝ-nuna , the son of Meš-Ane-pada, became king; he ruled for 36 (ms. P2+L2 has instead:) 30 years. Elulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 25 years. Balulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 36 years. (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have:) 4 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 171 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan.

148-159. In Awan, …… became king; he ruled for …… years. …… ruled for …… years. …… ruled for 36 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 356 years. Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kiš.

160-178. In Kiš, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 + X years. Dadasig ruled for (ms. vD has:) 81 years. Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 420 years. Kalbum, the son of Mamagal (ms. WB has instead:) Magalgal , ruled for 195 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 132 years. Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years. Men-nuna ,(ms. L1+N1 adds:) the son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years. (in mss. L1+N1, TL, the 7th and 8th rulers of the dynasty are in reverse order) …… ruled for 290 years. Lugalĝu ruled for 360 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 420 years. 8 kings; they ruled for 3195 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 3792 years. Then Kiš was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ḫamazi.

179-185. In Ḫamazi, Hadaniš became king; he ruled for 360 years. 1 king; he ruled for 360 years. Then Ḫamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) was returned a second time to Unug.

(in mss. IB, L1+N1, TL, the 2nd dynasty of Unug of lines 185-191 is preceded by the 2nd dynasty of Urim of lines 192-203)

186-192. In Unug, En-šag-kuš-ana became king; he ruled for 60 years. Lugal-ure (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) Lugal-kiniše-dudu (?) ruled for 120 years. Argandea ruled for 7 years. (ms. L1+N1 has:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. L1+N1 has:) 187 years. Then Unug was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Urim.

193-204. In Urim, Nanni became king; he ruled for (ms. vD has:) 120 + X (ms. IB has instead:) 54 + X years. Meš-ki-aĝ-Nanna, the son of Nanni, ruled for (ms. vD has:) 48 years. ……, the son (?) of ……, ruled for (ms. IB has:) 2 years. (ms. IB has:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB has:) 582 (ms. TL has instead:) 578 years. (ms. vD has instead:) 2 kings; they ruled for 120 + X years. Then Urim was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Adab.

205-210. In Adab, Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years. (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 1 king; he ruled for (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years. Then Adab was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Mari.

211-223. In Mari, Anbu (?) became king; he ruled for 30 (ms. TL has instead:) 90 years. Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 (ms. TL has instead:) 7 years. Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years. Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years. Limer, the gudug priest, ruled for 30 years. Šarrum-īter ruled for 9 (ms. TL has instead:) 7 years. 6 kings; they ruled for 136 (ms. TL has instead:) 184 years. Then Mari was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Kiš.

224-231. In Kiš, Kug-Bau, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kiš, became king; she ruled for 100 years. 1 king; she ruled for 100 years. Then Kiš was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Akšak.

232-243. In Akšak, Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years. Undalulu ruled for 6 (mss. L1+N1, S have instead:) 12 years. Urur ruled for (ms. IB has instead:) was king (?) for 6 years. Puzur-Niraḫ ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 20 years. Išu-Il ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 24 years. Šu-Suen, the son of Išu-Il, ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, TL have:) 7 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 24 years. (mss. S, Su1, TL have:) 6 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1, S, TL have:) 99 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 116 years (ms. IB has instead:) 5 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB has:) 87 years . Then Akšak was defeated (ms. S has instead:) Then the reign of Akšak was abolished and the kingship was taken to Kiš.

(mss. IB, S, Su1, Su3+Su4 list the 3rd and 4th dynasty of Kiš of lines 224-231 and lines 244-258, respectively, as one dynasty)

244-258. In Kiš, Puzur-Suen, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years. Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 400 (mss. P3+BT14, S have instead:) 6 (ms. IB has instead:) 4 + X years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau. Zimudar (ms. TL has instead:) Ziĝu-iake ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead:) 30 + X years. Usi-watar, the son of Zimudar (ms. TL has instead:) Ziĝu-iake , ruled for 7 (ms. S has instead:) 6 years. Eštar-muti ruled for 11 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 17 (?) years. Išme-Šamaš ruled for 11 years. (ms. Su1 adds:) Šu-ilīšu ruled for 15 years. Nanniya, the jeweller, (ms. Su1 has instead:) Zimudar (ms. IB has instead:) …… ruled for 7 (ms. S has instead:) 3 years. 7 kings; they ruled for 491 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 485 years (ms. S has instead:) 8 kings; they ruled for (ms. S has:) 586 years . Then Kiš was defeated (ms. S has instead:) Then the reign of Kiš was abolished and the kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) was returned a third time to Unug.

(ms. IB omits the 3rd dynasty of Unug of lines 258-263)

259-265. In Unug, Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) 34 years. 1 king; he ruled for 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) 34 years. Then Unug was defeated (ms. S has instead:) Then the reign of Unug was abolished and the kingship was taken to Agade.

266-296. In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) under whom Agade was built ; he ruled for 56 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 55 (ms. TL has instead:) 54 years. Rīmuš, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 (ms. IB has instead:) 7 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 15 years. Man-ištiššu, the older brother of Rīmuš, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) 7 years. Narām-Suen, the son of Man-ištiššu, ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P3+BT14 have:) 56 years. Šar-kali-šarrī, the son of Narām-Suen, ruled for (ms. L1+N1, Su+Su4 have:) 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead:) 24 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon. Then who was the king? Who was not the king? (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) who was the king? Who indeed was the king? Irgigi was king, Imi was king, Nanûm was king (in mss. L1+N1, Su3+Su4, Imi and Nanûm are in reverse order) , Ilulu was king, and the (mss. P3+BT14, S have:) 4 of them ruled for only (mss. P3+BT14, S have:) 3 years. Dudu ruled for 21 years. Šu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 (ms. IB has instead:) 18 years. 11 kings; they ruled for 181 years (ms. S has instead:) 12 kings; they ruled for (ms. S has:) 197 years (mss. Su1, Su3+Su4, which omit Dudu and Šu-Durul, have instead:) 9 kings; they ruled for (ms. Su1 has:) 161 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 177 years . Then Agade was defeated (ms. S has instead:) Then the reign of Agade was abolished and the kingship was taken to Unug.

297-307. In Unug, Ur-niĝin became king; he ruled for 7 (mss. IB, S have instead:) 3 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 15 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 30 years. Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-niĝin, ruled for 6 (ms. IB has instead:) 7 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 15 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 7 years. Kuda ruled for 6 years. Puzur-ilī ruled for 5 (ms. IB has instead:) 20 years. Ur-Utu ruled for 6 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) Ur-Utu, the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for 25 (ms. Su1 has instead:) Lugal-melem, the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for 7 years. 5 kings; they ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead:) 43 (mss. P&s4;+Ha, S have instead:) 26 years (ms. Su3+Su4, which omits Kuda and Puzur-ilī, has instead:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. Su3+Su4 has:) 47 years . Unug was defeated (ms. S has instead:) Then the reign of Unug was abolished and the kingship was taken to the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) land of Gutium.

308-334. In the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) land of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) they had no king; they ruled themselves for 5 years . Then Inkišuš (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) …… ruled for 6 (ms. L1+Ni1 has instead:) 7 years. Zarlagab ruled for 6 years. Šulme (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) Yarlagaš ruled for 6 years. Silulumeš (ms. Mi has instead:) Silulu ruled for 6 (ms. G has instead:) 7 years. Inimabakeš ruled for 5 (ms. Mi has instead:) Duga ruled for 6 years. Igešauš ruled for 6 (ms. Mi has instead:) Ilu-an (?) ruled for 3 years. Yarlagab ruled for 15 (ms. Mi has instead:) 5 years. Ibate ruled for 3 years. Yarla (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) Yarlangab (?) ruled for 3 years. Kurum (ms. L1+N1 has instead:) …… ruled for 1 (ms. Mi has instead:) 3 years. Apilkin ruled for 3 years. Lā-erabum (?) ruled for 2 years. Irarum ruled for 2 years. Ibranum ruled for 1 year. Ḫablum ruled for 2 years. Puzur-Suen, the son of Ḫablum, ruled for 7 years. Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years. …… ruled for 7 years. Tirigan (?) ruled for 40 days. 21 kings; they ruled for (ms. L1+N1 has:) 124 years and 40 days (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 25 years . Then the army of Gutium was defeated (ms. TL has instead:) destroyed and the kingship was taken to Unug.

335-340. In Unug, Utu-ḫeĝal became king; he ruled for 427 years, …… days (ms. IB has instead:) 26 years, 2 + X months, and 15 days (ms. J has instead:) 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days (ms. TL has instead:) 7 years, 6 months, and 5 days . 1 king; he ruled for 427 years, …… days (ms. J has instead:) 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days (ms. TL has instead:) 7 years, 6 months, and 5 days . Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

341-354. In Urim, Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for 18 years. Šulgi, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 (mss. Su3+Su4, TL have instead:) 48 (ms. P5 has instead:) 58 years. Amar-Suena, the son of Šulgi, ruled for 9 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 25 years. Šu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 (ms. P5 has instead:) 7 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 20 + X (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 16 years. Ibbi-Suen, the son of Šu-Suen, ruled for 24 (mss. P5, Su1 have instead:) 25 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 15 (ms. TL has instead:) 23 (?) years. 4 kings; they ruled for 108 years (mss. J, P5, Su1, Su3+Su4 have instead:) 5 kings; they ruled for (ms. P5 has:) 117 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 120 + X (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead:) 123 years . Then Urim was defeated (ms. P5 has instead:) Then the reign of Urim was abolished . (ms. Su3+Su4 adds:) The very foundation of Sumer was torn out (?). The kingship was taken to Isin.

355-377. In Isin, Išbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 (ms. P5 has instead:) 32 years. Šu-ilīšu, the son of Išbi-Erra, ruled for 20 (ms. P5 has instead:) 10 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 15 years. Iddin-Dagan, the son of Šu-ilīšu, ruled for 21 (ms. Su1 has instead:) 25 years. Išme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for (mss. P2, P5 have:) 20 (ms. Mi has instead:) 18 years. Lipit-Eštar, the son of Išme-Dagan (ms. P2 has instead:) Iddin-Dagan , ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2, P5 have:) 11 years. Ur-Ninurta (mss. L1+N1, P2 add:) , the son of Iškur -- may he have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life -- ruled for (ms. P5 has:) 28 years. Būr-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years. Lipit-Enlil, the son of Būr-Suen, ruled for 5 years. Erra-imitti ruled for 8 (mss. P5, TL have instead:) 7 years. (ms. P5 adds:) …… ruled for …… 6 months. Enlil-bāni ruled for 24 years. Zambiya ruled for 3 years. Iter-piša ruled for 4 years. Ur-du-kuga ruled for 4 years. Suen-magir ruled for 11 years. (ms. P5 adds:) Damiq-ilišu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years. 14 kings; they ruled for 203 years (ms. P5 has instead:) 225 years and 6 months .

(mss. P2+L2, L1+N1 and P4+Ha conclude with a summary of the post-diluvian dynasties; the translation of lines 378-431 uses numerical data from each mss. but follows the wording of P2+L2 and L1+N1)

378-431. A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 + X years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kiš. A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 + X years, 6 months and 15 days, 5 times in Unug. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, 3 times in Urim. A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Ḫamazi.
16 lines missing
A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade. A total of 21 (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 23 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 99 years , once in the army of Gutium. A total of 11 (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 16 kings ruled for 159 (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 226 years, once in Isin. There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised. A total of 134 (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 139 kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 + X (ms. P4+Ha has instead:) 3443 + X years. 21.



Revision history

03.ix.1999: GZ, editor: adapting translation
04.xii.1999: JAB, editor: proofreading
08.xii.1999: GC, editor: SGML tagging
14.i.2000: ER, editor: proofreading SGML
14.i.2000: ER, editor: web publication
01.vi.2003: GC/JE, editor/technical developer: XML/TEI conversion

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