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Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven: composite text

A version of unknown provenance, supplemented from Nippur mss.

Segment A

1cul me3!-ka cul /me3\-[ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug4]
2en dgilgamec2 [cul me3-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug4]
3a2-/ur2 sag9\-sag9 cul me3-/ka\ [en-du-ni ga-an-dug4]
4en TUR /kalag\-kalag-ga cul me3-ka en-/du\-[ni ga-an-dug4]
5en na4su11 ku10-[ku10 cul me3-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug4]
6jecpu2 lirum [X] X [... cul me3-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug4]
7lugal cul! ama? X [...]
8lugal-ju10 X X X [...]
9en-ju10 jic/kiri6 jicza?-ba?\-[lum ...]
10kisal X X [X] iri? X [...]
11/ji6?-par4?\ [...])

(Instead of lines 5-11, 1 ms. has instead:
A[X X (X)] en-e ama ugu-ni gu3 mu-[na-de2]
B[lugal-ju10] id2-da ed3 NI sahar cu X [...]
C[en-ju10] jickiri6-zu ed3 NI X [...]
D[...] /saj?\ /tun3?\ ENxKAR2-ni [...]
E[...] X /im\ X [...] )

unknown number of lines missing

Segment B

1[...] X X [...]
2[X X] /NE\ kisal X [...]
3[kisal]-/mah\-a me3 nu-me-a /lu2\ [...]
4[X X] e2-la2-e e2-la2-e igi mu-un-[...]
5/kug\ dinana-ke4 e2-la2-e /igi mu-un\-[...]
6e2-gal abzu-ta e2-la2-e? [...] igi mu-un-ba-[...]
7am-ju10 lu2-ju10 ME.EN.NE.EN cu nu-ri-bar-re
8en dgilgamec2 am-ju10 lu2-ju10 NE cu nu-ri-bar-re
9e2-an-na-ka di kud-de3 cu nu-ri-bar-re
10ji6-par4 kug-ja2 ka-ac bar-re cu nu-ri-bar-re
11e2-an-na an-ne2 ki aj2 di kud-de3 cu nu-ri-bar-re
12dgilgamec2 za-e u3-NE he2-me-en za-e gud? he2-e?
13nij2-ba dinana ji6-par4-zu-ce3 nam-ba-ni-ku4-ku4
14dnin-e2-gal a2 nam-ur-saj-ja2-ke4-ec2 nam-bi-ci?-X
15 dinana nin? e-sir2-ju10 za-e nam ba-<ni>-in-TAR
16gud kur-ra ga-an-du11 tur3-ba [ga]-/am2\-mi-ib-si
17udu kur-ra ga-an-du11 amac-ba [ga]-/am2\-mi-ib-si
18kug na4gug i3?-jar i-sur-sur-me-ec ga? u5?(or: DAR?) nam?-X-X
19[in]-nin9-e gu3 ba-an-de2 KA-ni ba-an-pa-an
20[dinana-ke4] /gu3 ba\-[de2] KA-ni ba-an-pa-an
21[...] X NE ta? (or: AB?) za-e ma? i-ra-an-dug4
22[...] X NE ta? (or: AB?) za-ra ma-ra-an-dug4
23[...] X-gin7 nu-du3? dgilgamec2
24[...] X [X] X X
25[...] /ha?\ [X] X
26[...] X X ha? ra? X X X X NE
27[...] ra? X tug2-da-a
28[...] /bi?\ ib-ta-ni-in-jar
29X [...]
30X [...]
31/cag4-bi?\ [...]
32kuc-bi [...]
33uc2-bi X X [...]
34[...] /bi2-in?\-[...]
35dinana-ke4 a ci-im-lu-lu curim i3-X [X (X)]
36an-ne2 ki-aj2-ju10 SU na-ba-[...]
37gi-dur im-ma-ni-in-dab5 /an\ [...]
38lu2-tur-ju10 a-ba-kam (1 ms. has instead: a-na-[ac]-am3) a ci-lu3-lu3-e id2? X curim [...]
39gud gal cu bar-/ra\ unugki-ga X [...]
40gud gal dgilgamec2 cu bar-ra unugki ba9-re6?
41mu ni2-ja2 nu-mu-na-ab-ze2-je26
42a ci-im-lu3-lu3-e curim gur4-gur4-re
43a-a-ju10 gud an-na ha-ma-ze2-ej3-/e\ [...]
44en ga-mu-un-ug5-ga en ga-mu-un-ug5-ga
45en dgilgamec2 en ga-mu-un-ug5-ga
46an gal-e kug dinana-ke4 mu-na-ni-ib2-gi-gi4?
47lu2-tur-ju10 gud an-na u2 gu7-bi in-nu an-ur2-ra u2 gu7-bi-im
48ki-sikil dinana gud an-na ki dutu ed2-a-ce3 u2 im-da-gu7-e
49za-e gud an-na nu-mu-e-da-ab-ze2-ej3-en
50kug dinana-ke4 /gu2?\ mu-na-ni-ib2-gi-gi
51je26-e gu3 ba-de2-e-en an ki-ce3 a-ba-da-tej3
52ni2 ba-da-an-te ni2 ba-da-an-te
(1 ms. adds after line 52:
52AX inana ni2 ba-da-an-te)

53an gal kug dinana-ke4 mu-na-ni-ib2-gi-/gi\
54gud an-na hu-mu-na-ab-ze2-je26)

(instead of approx. lines 52-54, 1 ms. has:
a[...] gu3 an-e ba-tej3 gu3 ki-ce3 ba-tej3
b[...] X X gu3 an-e ba-tej3 gu3 ki-ce3 ba-tej3
c[... tug2]-/gin7\ im-mi-in-dul gada-gin7 im-mi-in-bur2
d[...] X a-ba-a in-na-an-/dug4?\ (or: /il2?\
e[... a]-/ba\-a in-na-an-dug4
f[...]-cum2)

55ki-sikil d/inana\ nam-nitah-gin7 saman za-gin3-na cu ba-ni-in-du8
56kug dinana-/ke4?\ gud an-na an-ta-ed2 (1 ms. has instead: im-ta-an-ed3)
57gud unugki-ga-ke4 u2 mu-gu7-e
58id2 a-ji6 (some mss. add: -uru16) lu-a a i3-na8-na8
59/id2\ a-ji6(some mss. add: -uru16) lu-a gaba 1? danna-ta ib2-sa2 cag4-bi nu-si-si
60u2 mu-un-gu7-e ki im-sig9-ge
61jicjicnimbar unugki-ga al-kud-de3 ka-bi-ce3 i3-gur-gur
62gud gub-ba unugki-e im-si
63gud an-na ni2-a-ni (1 ms. has instead: mu-ni) kul-aba4ki im-si
64nar-a-ni [...]
65igi il2-a-ni [...]
66gurum-gurum-ma-ni [...]
67NI /KA? LU?\ e? [...]

(1 ms. has instead:
ud-ba /en?\ [dgilgamec2 ...] /nar\-[a-ni ...] )

(a second ms. has instead:
Adgilgamec2 nar-a-ni lugal-/gaba\-jal2 /mu?-na?\-[...]
Bnar-ju10 sa-zu si-bi2-/ib\ [...] naj-i3 [...]
Czabar cu-za [...] X ni X [...]
Dnar-a-/ni\ [...] /X\ [...] )

(a third ms. has instead:
E[...] [lugal]-/gaba\-jal2 [...] X X mu-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4
F[...] [ lugal-gaba]-/jal2\ sa-zu si-bi-ib a ga-an-na8-na8-an
G[...] X naj-a inim-bi-ce3 nij2-nam-me-zu nu-jal2
H[...] [lugal]-gaba-jal2 mu-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4)

(instead of approx. lines 64-67, a fourth ms. has:
J[...] X-ce3 IM ga? [...]
K[...] /igi?\ im-ma-ni-[in-sig10]
L[...] X-ce3 ba-ni-/in\-[...]
M[...]-na8-na8-en en [...]
N[...] X i3-na8-na8-/en\ [...]
O[...] /an\-ta-an-/ed2\ [...]
P[...] u2 X [...]
Q1 line missing
R[...] X [...]
S[...] e di (or: ki) [...]
T[...] /al\
U1 line missing
V[...] unug/ki\ [...] )

68en d/gilgamec2\ [...]
69 inana gud an-na [...]
70gud unugki [...]
71id2 a-ji6 lu! [a na8-na8]
72id2 a-ji6 lu dannana-[ta-am3 ib2-si cag4-bi nu-si-si]
73u2 mu-gu7-/e\ [ki im-sig9-ge-e]
(1 ms. adds here:
73Anin-ni [...]
73Bd/gilgamec2\ [...]
73Cama-ju10 EN ME [...]
73Dnin9-ju10 e2?-a [...]
73Egud dur2-bi-ce3 i-im-/ma\-[...]
73Fudu dur2-bi-ce3 i-im-/ma\-[...]
73Gkac dur2?-bi-ce3? (or: cu?) he2-/em\ [...]
73Hdgilgamec2 X [...]
73Jgud an-na u3 za-e [...]
73Ku3 za-e nu-ub-sig10-/ge\ [...]
73Ldgilgamec2 [...] )

74[...] X X X /cajan?\ [X X] X
75[...] X [X] mu-[na-ni]-/ib2\-gi-gi
76[...] /lu2\ X X X X [...]-ne-ne
77[...] X mu-na-ni-ib2-gi-gi
78/cajan?\ a X-ru? ga-[...]
79ad6-zu sila sig9-ga he2-en-cub
80cag4-mah-zu sila dajal-la he2-en-cub
81/SU\-zu [su-sig9]-ga-ac he2-en-cub
82uzu-zu dumu nu-mu-un-su-a-ke4? dumu iri-ke4? [...] jicdusu-ta ga-am3-ta-ha-/la\ [...]
83si-zu min-a-bi cajan i3 dug3-ga-ce3 dinana-ra e2-an-na-ce3 ga-mu-na-an-jar
84 inana /bad3?\ igi mu-ni-la2
85gud-de3 sahar-ra gu3 bi2-in-dug4
86en dgilgamec2 saj-du-ta i3-du?
87en-ki-du10 dur lib-ba-/na\ [...] /ba?\-an-ed3
88dumu iri-na [mu]-un-da-ni-re7-ec-am3 amar jic nu-zu sahar ba-e-ne-ci-dul5?
89en-ki-du10 ejer gud-da-ce3 im-mi-gub [...] /ka?\ mu-un-nijin2
(1 ms. has instead: [...] u3-bi2-in-sig10 kun-bi im-ma-an-dab5)
90lugal-a-ni-ir dgilgamec2-ra gu3 mu-na-de2-e
91i3-a lum-lum u3-luh-ha su3-su3
92dumu gir15 giri17-zal dijir-re-ne
93gud lipic tuku me3-a gub-ba
94en gal dgilgamec2 /unugki?\ bi2-in-dug4-ga
95ama-zu dumu u3-tud-da mah-bi /he2-em\-zu
96eme2(UM+ME)-ga-zu /dumu-ra\ ga-ba mah-bi he2-em-zu
(1 ms. adds:
96Aen dumu gir15 AN X [...] )

97ni2 na-tej3-je26 ur-saj-ja2 usu nu-tuku ni2-te-a-ni
98ki a-ra2 ge-na [X] X X X X [...]
99urudha-[zi-in ...]
100gud-de3 [...]
101gud an-[na ...]
102a-gin7 [...]
103ur5 X [...]
unknown number of lines missing


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A version from Me-Turan

Segment A

1 cul me3!-kam cul me3!-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug4
2 en dgilgamec2 cul /me3-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug4\
3 en su ku10-ku10 cul me3!-kam /in\-[du]-ni ga-an-dug4
4 a2-ur2 sag9-sag9 cul me3-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug4
5 UL-nir-ma cul me3-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug4
6 nij2-erim2 du7-du7 cul me3-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug4
7 lugal-e en-e ama ugu-ne-ra A2 KAL SAHAR ta-a-ni-[X] id2-da NAJA-de3
8 en-ju10 jickiri6 jicza-ba-al-ce3? kur9?-NE kij2-a-zu-ne
9 en ji6-par4-ta udu nir-ra-am3 siki am3-ze2 SAR.SAR
10KAL saj-ja2-ke4 dur2 bi-jar zi-gin7 cen? /NE?\-na
11lugal-e zi-gin7 cen NE-na gi-/sal\ [X] /gu2\-gur2
12nun gi-sal-la gi lum-lum-ma-/gin7\ [X X] X mu-ci-ib-cu2
13nij2-erim2-bi za-e cen-gin7 X [...] X-cu2
14ama ugu-ne-ra /DI? na\ mu-un-[...]-na-cum2
15kisal dajal-la [...]
16dgilgamec2 JIC./BULUJ3?\ X [...]
17KA gul?-gul?-e /NE?\ [...]
18kisal-mah-e KIJ2 /a?\ [...]
19ud-bi-a /e2?-la2-e?\ [...]
20kug dinana-ke4 [e2-la2-e igi mu-un-bar]
21e2 /abzux-ta?\ [e2-la2-e igi mu-un-bar]
22am-/ju10\ [lu]-ju10 im-/ma\-[ni-ta ... cu nu-ri-bar-re]
23dgilgamec2 /im\-[ma-ni-ta ... cu nu-ri-bar-re]
24e2-an-na-ju10 di [kud-de3 cu nu-ri-bar-re]
25ji6-par4 gu2-ju10 /kac\ [bar-re cu nu-ri-bar-re]
26e2-an-na an-na [ki-aj2 di kud-de3 cu nu-ri-bar-re]
27dgilgamec2 za-[e ... im-ma-ni-ta] je26-/e\ [... im-ma-ni-ta]
28lugal-e KA(or: KAxX).KA-/ne\ [...]
29lugal-e ama ugu-ne-ra [...]
30dgilgamec2 dnin-sunx(EC2) X [...]
31ama ugu-ju10 en?-gin7 uzu X [...]
32jicig abul-ke4 X [...]
33muc3 bad3-ke4 [...] jar-jar [...]
34am-ju10 lu-ju10 im-ma-ni-[ta ...] /cu\ nu-mu-ni-bar-re
35dgilgamec2 im-ma-ni-[ta ...] /cu\ nu-mu-ni-bar-re
36e2-an-na-ju10 di mu-un-[kud-de3 cu] nu-mu-ni-bar-re
37ji6-par4 gu2-ju10 kac mu-un-/bar\-[re] /cu\ nu-mu-ni-bar-/re\
38e2-an-na an-na [...] ki-aj2-a-ni
39dgilgamec2 za-e me3? [X] im-ma-ni-ta je26-e KA /ga?\ im-ma-ni-/ta\
40ama ugu-ne-ra ur5-[gin7] mu-un-na-ab-be2-/ak?\-[ka]
41ama /ugu\-[ne dgilgamec2-ra mu-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4]
approx. 8 lines missing

Segment B

1/kug\ /d\[inana] [...]
2an-e [...]
3dur an-na X [...]
4an-e kug [dinana-ra ...]-/e\
5lu2-[tur-ju10 ...]-/e\
6d[inana ...]-/gi4\-gi4
7AN [...] /a\
8[...] /a\
9[...]-be2
10[...]-/e\
11[...] /NE?\
12[...] /X\ mu
13[...] /gi\
14[...] /ib\ (or: u2?) -/la\ [...]
15[...]-/gu7-e\
16[...] X X /gi?\ (or: /gi4?\)
17[...] X-ab-be2
18[...] X-sig3
19[... gud] mu-ra-ra [(...)]
20[...] X-/cum2-mu\
21[...]-/cum2-mu\
22[...] X
23[...] X
24[...] /gu7\-e
25[...] /gu7\-[e]
unknown number of lines missing

Segment C

It is uncertain if this segment belongs here.

1[...] bi? X [...]
2[...] X naj? [...]
3[...] X gu2 mu-un-[...]
4[...] mu-un-na-tej3 X [...]
5[...]-ga igi im-ma-an-[sig10]
unknown number of lines missing

Segment D

1[...] X [...]
2[...] X X TUG2 ba-/ni\-[...]
3[...] a naj [...]
4[...] X X X X X X [...]
5nar-ju10 lugal-gaba-jar en3-du-zu da-ga-ab sa-a-/zu\ [sig10-bi-ib]
6kac mu-un-naj! zabar sila3 gi4-bi-ib [...]
7lugal-gaba-jar dgilgamec2 lugal-a-ni-/ra?\ [gu3 mu-na-ni-ib-gi4]
8lugal-ju10 za-e u2 da-an-gu7-e za-e /a\ [da-an-na8-na8]
9je26-e inim-bi a-na-am3 mu-[...]
10/gud\-e ra-ra-de3 [...]
11dgilgamec2 gud-e /ra\-[ra-de3 ...]
12ib2-ba-ru 50 (ms: 5/6) ma-na-am3 [...]
13/jiri2 7 gu2-un\ 30 /ma\-[na-am3 ...]
14ha-/zi-in\ X X [...]
15ama ugu-/ju10\ [...]
16nin9-a-ni /X\ [...]
17ama ugu-ni [...]
18dpec3-tur nin9 [ban3-da ...]
19dgilgamec2 AN X [...]
20ama ugu-ju10 /e2? den-ki?\ X [...]
21dpec3-tur nin9 ban3-da e2-/a?\-[ni ...]
22gud dur-bi-ec i-in-/gi?\ [...]
23udu dur-bi-ec i-in-/gi?\ [...]
24gud an-na za-e za-e [...]
25u3 za-e ba-an-ze2-ge-ec [...]
26u3 je26-e ba-an-ze2-ge-ec [...]
27tukum-bi ba-an-ze2-/ge\ [...]
28kuc-zu! sila-ce3 he2-em-/ma\-[ab-cum2-mu]
29/cag4\-mah-zu! sila dajal-la /he2\-[em-ma-ab-cum2-mu]
30uzu-zu dumu mu-un-su! [iri-ja2-ke4-ne] jicdusu-[ta he2-em-ta-ba-e-ne]
31SU-zu! su-sig-ce3 he2-[em-ma-ab-cum2-mu]
32si-zu! min-ab2-bi /cajan\ [i3 dug3-ga-ce3 dinana-ra] e2-an-/na\-[ka][he2-em-ta-bal-e]
33gud-e sahar-ra [...]
34dgilgamec2 [...]
35den-ki-du3 [...]
36dumu iriki-na [...]
37amar jectug2-zu-gin7 sahar-ra [(X)] X [...]
38den-ki-du3 saj gud-kam bi-ib-gub en [dgilgamec2] gu2 mu-un-na-de2-/a\ [(...)]
39ia4(NA4) lum-lum u2-luh-ha su3-[su3]
40dumu gir15 giri17-zal dijir-re-e-ne
41gud lipic cag4 tuku me3 an-gub-ba
42/ur-saj\ X X X-ju10-ne-ce3 cu-zu cu mu-ni-[...]
43/lu2-ulu3\ X [...]
44lu2-ulu3? (or: iri?) X [...]
45d/en-ki-du\ /dgilgamec2\-ra ur5-gin7 hu-mu-un-na-ab-e2-ak-ke4
46d[gilgamec2] [ha-zi]-/in? 7 gu2?-un?\-am3 ugu-bi e-ne ba-an-sig3
47gud-e saj il2-la il2-la im-ma-ab-dirig
48im-gin7 mu-/lu3-lu3\ buru14-gin7 /im\-cu2-cu2
49lugal-e muhaldim gal nu-me-a jiri2 cu-ni ba-an-dab5
50dinana-ke4 zag-dib-ba ba-an-sig3 tu-gur4/mucen\-gin7 ba-an-dal-dal bad3-bi i3-gul-e
51lugal-e saj gud-kam bi2-in-gub er2 gig i3-cex(IGIxA)-cex(IGIxA)
52ur5-ra-ta je26-e mu-un-da-gul-e ur5-ra-am3 /i3-kij2-de3\
53bi2-in-dug4-ga-gi-na
54kuc-bi sila-ce3 im-ma-ab-cum2-mu
55cag4-mah-bi sila-dajal-la im-ma-ab-cum2-mu
56uzu-bi! dumu nu-mu-un-su! iriki-na-ke4-ne (ms: iriki-ja2-ke4-ne) jicdusu-ta he2-em-ta-ba-e-ne
57SU-bi su-si-ig-ce3 im-ma-ab-cum2-mu
58si-bi min-a-bi jiccajan i3 dug3-ga-ke4 kug dinana-ke4 e2-an-na-ke4 he2-em-ta-da-bal-e
59gud an-na ug5-ga kug dinana-ke4 za3-mi2-zu dug3-ga


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Fragment of an earlier version from Nippur, dating to the Third Dynasty of Ur

Segment A

unknown number of lines missing
1a ji6-/par3\[...] si-[...]
2jicu3 dub /saj\-ja2-kam dur2? bi-in-/jar\
3sug-ga jal2-la-a-bi
4lugal-ju10 sug-ga jal2-la-a-bi jicgisal-a gu2 gur-de3
5mu-un jicgisal gi lum-/lum\-ma-a-gin7 a-a hu-mu-ri-ib2-SUM
6nij2-diri-bi GAZI am3 he2 u6-GIM ma a-a hu-mu-ri-ib2-SUM
7kisal dajal X e2 dinana-ka
8d/gilgamec2\ /jic\ BULUJ3 X /nam?\ X cu [X] hu-mu-ni-in-[X]
9/lugal-ju10\ jickiri6 zabalam [X]
10/ku4-ku4\ kij2-ja2-zu-/ne?\
11a ji6-par3-ra-kam u6-du nin? X si-/ki\ a SU nij2-six(GUL)
12jic-u3 dub saj-ja2-kam dur2 bi-in-jar sug-ga-a mu-ni-in-la2
13lugal-ju10 sug-ga mu-ni-in-la2 jicgisal-a gu2! nij2-gur
14mu-un jicgisal-a!(MIN) gi-lum-/lum\-ma-a-gin7 a-a /hu\-[mu-na]-/ab?\-SUM
15nij2-diri-[bi GAZI am3 he2] u6-GIM [ma a-a hu-mu-na-ab]-/SUM\
unknown number of lines missing

Segment B

1[nij2-ba dinana ji6]-/par3\-ra
2[nam-ba-ni-in]-ku4-ku4
3[X X a2] /nam\-ur-saj-ja2-ju10
4/tug2?\ nam-i3-dul-e


Revision history

24.vii.1998-06.viii.1998 : JAB : standardisation
20.viii.1998 : GZ : proofreading
01.ix.1998 : JAB : minor corrections
23.x.1998 : JAB : minor corrections
28.iv.1999 : JAB : minor corrections
29.iv.1999 : JAB : tagging
21.v.1999 : ER :proofreading SGML
21.v.1999 : ER : converting to HTML 4.0
7.ix.2001 : ER : header and footer reformatted; substantive content of file not changed